Analysis of Risk Factors for the Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Central Sulawesi: A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Introduction: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a serious non-communicable disease (NCD) that has an increasing prevalence in Indonesia. Several risk factors may explain the development of the disease. The aim of the research to examine the risk factors that may contribute to the incidence such as comorbid hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habits, and family history of heart disease.

Methods: The method using case-control study enrolled 96 participants (case: 48 patients CHF, control: 48 patients non-CHF) with purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Risk analysis was performed using odd ratio test.

Results: The highest risk factor was hypertension (OR=3.3; 95%CI=1.448-7.785; p=0.004). Hypercholesterolemia (OR=2.8; 95%CI=1.236-6.665; p=0.013), smoking behavior (OR=2.8; 95%CI=1.221-6.423; p=0.013), and family history (OR=2.3; 95%CI=1.040-5.498; p=0.038) had relatively similar risk contributions to the incidence of CHF.

Conclusion: This was a hospital-based study that found that factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habits, and family history are risks for CHF. Hypertension was a major contributor to the incidence of CHF.