Innovative Diabetes Management: Navigating Treatment, Financial Constraints, and Patient-Centered Care

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic and progressive disease, often leads to severe complications that compromise patients' quality of life and reduce life expectancy. This case study presents a 54-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed 13 years ago, who experienced frequent hypoglycemia despite achieving satisfactory glycemic control. The patient's treatment regimen included basal-bolus insulin therapy, oral metformin, and rigorous self-monitoring of blood glucose, yet she expressed dissatisfaction with her weight and overall well-being. To address these concerns, liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, was introduced into her treatment plan. Liraglutide was selected for its ability to maintain glycemic control, reduce hypoglycemic episodes, facilitate weight loss, and offer cardiovascular protection. Despite initial out-of-pocket costs due to lack of insurance coverage, the patient experienced a marked improvement in glycemic variability, reduced insulin dependence, decreased frequency of glucose monitoring, and weight reduction after just two months of therapy. Her treatment evolved with insurance coverage of GLP-1 receptor agonists, leading to a switch to dulaglutide. This case underscores the importance of individualized, holistic diabetes management that addresses glycemic control and prioritizes patient satisfaction and quality of life. It also highlights the impact of medication costs and insurance coverage on treatment accessibility and long-term outcomes.