Hemostatic Complications in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background. Disorder of hemostasis in hemodialysis patients is focused in two directions, towards the development of thrombosis and bleeding. Both complications make it difficult to treat and are life-threatening for the patient.  Monitoring of hemostatic parameters, it is possible to detect the first changes in the coagulation system and correct the factors that lead to changes and thus prevent or stop the further development of complications. Aim. To determine the hemostatic and dialysis parameters and their influence on the occurrence and development of complications. Patients and methods. From a total of 175 patients, 46 had signs of hemorrhagic syndrome and 16 of them had thrombosis. Parameters of primary and secondary hemostasis were determined and vascular access of ultrasound was examined. Results. In the patients with thrombosis D-dimer level was significantly higher and amounted to 4.18 mg / l, while AT III levels were decreased for 54%. Elevated level of APTT was significant for the patients who had bleeding. In 86% of patients with thrombosis, ultrasound findings correlated with findings of D-dimer. Both complications were more pronounced in the older age group above 46 years. Conclusion. Hemorrhagic syndrome is a frequent complication of thrombosis. The level of D-dimer is directly correlated with ultrasound detection of thrombotic formation. Elevated levels of APTT was in direct correlation with bleeding. The development of complica-tions are affected by other factors, such as: age, access type, type of dialysis membrane, the blood flow. Frequent control of hemostatic parameters is essential for early detection of complications. In the event of changes in coagulation system, type and dose of anticoagulant should be corrected and introducing additional oral anticoagulants should be considered.