Role of clinical examination and standard radiography in diagnostic of scoliosis at children population

Abstract

The spinal column is solid and at the same time flexible structure which is of great significance for the human body, built 33-34 vertebrae (9,10). The average length of the spine in adult male is 72-75 cm and in adult women 60 to 65 cm (9). Considered as a whole, backbone is not straight. It has a curve in the frontal and sagittal plane and viewed from the side has the shape of a bent double letter S. This curve can be divided into primary and secondary. Primary curve observed in the fetus (pectoral and pelvic) and secondary are developed and become permanent only after birth (cervical and lumbar). Primary curves began to develop around the third month of life, when the child begins to raise his head.

The convexity of the cervical curve is facing forward and is called the cervical lordosis - lordosis cervicis. The convexity of the thoracic curve faces the back and is called the thoracic kyphosis - thoracic kyphosis. This increases the curvature of the chest cavity, which is important to accommodate the body which it contains. In the lumbar part of the backbone of the convex forward - lumbar lordosis. Pelvic curvature is convex to the back - kyphosis sacralis and contributes to the expansion of the pelvic cavity. For adults there is a curvature in the frontal plane. It is located between the fifth and seventh thoracic vertebra and convex is right.

It is a physiological dekstroscoliosis, which, according to some authors, occurs due to stronger development of muscles on one side. Another group believes that the curvature occurs due to pulsations rib portion cardiac vessels (thoracica aortae), which is located on the left side (10). Vertebrae are divided into: cervical, thoracal, lumbal, sacral and coccygeal (9) .